Informal social communication theory was about the power of the group over the person. Explaining theories of interpersonal communication 51 03dainton. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. A reason for this gap in understanding is the very different focus of the decision making under risk and social preference literatures. Festingers social comparison theory festingers social comparison theory is a successor of his theory of informal social communication 1950. Social comparison theory states that individuals determine their own social and personal worth based on how they stack up against others. Journal of consumer research themselves to others festinger 1954. Contrary to the original theory or subsequent research, a the individual is not always an unbiased selfevaluator but may seek many goals through social comparison. These theories continue to play a role in contemporary psychology. The impact of facebook on social comparison and happiness. Write about the interaction between affect and social comparison. Plato spoke of selfunderstanding and absolute standards. His theories and research are credited with renouncing the previously dominant behaviorist view of social. Social comparison theory essay sample sample essays.
Festingers social comparison theory suggests that we have a drive to assess our opinions and abilities, and that we do this by comparing ourselves to others. On clarifying some interpretations of social comparison theory. Keeping up with the joneses affects perceptions of distributive justice pdf. Born on 8 th may, 1919, he was the pioneer of social comparison and cognitive dissonance theory. According to festingers social comparison theory people. In general, social psychologists, always looking for the next great theory, seemed to have shelved this book and its concepts within a couple of decades after it came out in 1957 see leon festingers comments 30 years later in appendix b of cognitive dissonance progress on a pivotal theory in social psychology edited by eddie harmonjones. A firefighter squad, where the fire captain makes all the decisions unilaterally and gives advice to those who serve in the squad, is an example of aan. Effectiveness of upward and downward social comparison of. When psychologists think of social comparison theory, they initially recall leon festingers classic paper on a theory of social comparison processes. The social comparison theory was developed by social psychologist leon festinger.
People sometimes compare themselves to others as a way of. Festinger 1954 used the theory to explain shifts in members opinions. The nature of sociological theory sage publications. This study examined the implications for social comparison theory of the proposition that women have lower selfconfidence than men when there is a socially defined standard of performance. Social comparison theory, based on ones drive for selfevaluation, was first coined by leon festinger 1954. This social world consists of the behaviors, interactions, and patterns of social organization among humans, although some would argue that a sociology of nonhuman animals that. University of groningen the effects of social comparison. A theory of social comparison processes leon festinger, 1954. Social comparison theory, initially proposed by social psychologist leon festinger in 1954. Exercise, social comparison, perceived fitness, mood, exertion.
Based on the theory about social comparison described above. Social comparison and its relation to body dissatisfaction. The format of communicating the social comparison information was an. What other theories could maybe relate back to this theory. This may occur with reference to a physical reality. Leon festinger mentioned his hypotheses in his book entitled social comparison processes that gives substantial exploration of his theory. Social comparison theory assumes that people tend to evaluate their successes, failures and opinions in relation to others festinger, 1954.
Kemampuan ability dalam perbandingan kemampuan terdapat dorongan searah menuju keadaan yang lebih baik atau kemampuan yang lebih tinggi. The old one states that members of a particular group would want to be parallel with each other because a uniform agreement must be made so that the group is able to come up with a common decision. Festingers social comparison theory by sara longmire on prezi. Key concepts hegemonic masculinity patriarchal dividend. This is known as the principle of cognitive consistency. A social and psychological study of a modern group that predicted the destruction of the world is a classic work of social psychology by leon festinger, henry riecken, and stanley schachter published in 1956, which studied a small ufo religion in chicago called the seekers that believed in an imminent apocalypse and its coping mechanisms after the event did not occur. If you have access to a journal via a society or association membership, please browse to your society journal, select an article to view, and follow the instructions in this box.
Financial ratio analysis communicating social impact. Evidence from eye movements jens blechert,phd, till nickert,dipl psych,detlef caffier,dipl mat, and brunna tuschencaffier,phd objective. This paper furthers festingers views on group influences of opinions and applies it to abilities as well. There is no original or primary gender a drag imitates, but gender is a kind of. A theory of social comparison processes 8 there is some indirect corroboration of this from experimental evidence. In this theory, it simply asserts that the process in which people learn about themselves by comparing themselves to other members of society. How well is our business performing over a specific period, will your social enterprise have the financial resources to continue serving its constituents tomorrow as well as today. This insight forms the heart of festingers social comparison theory festinger, 1954. According to festingers social comparison theory, people often form judgments about their traits and abilities by comparing themselves with others. Social comparison universitas pendidikan indonesia.
What are some potential consequences or faults of the importance of status and the resulting competition in todays society. Festingers social comparison theory psychology essay. Those two beliefs are not related to each other but if one of them became dissonant with the other then according to the cognitive dissonance theory. Leon festinger was a wellknown american social psychologist. Social comparison theory the theory that i had chosen to discuss and research about would happen to be the social comparison theory. Leon festinger was the first psychologist to study cognitive dissonance around the 1950s, and his works, such as books and experiments, helped to shed light on the ways in which humans act to decrease cognitive dissonance. Effects of perceived fitness level of exercise partner on. Greenberg 16 reports a study in competition in which pairs of children, seated together at a table, were to construct things out of stones blocks which were initially all in. To determine the role of social comparison for body dissatisfaction in bulimia nervosa bn. Under certain cir cumstances, this social comparison information can be. Social comparison and its relation to body dissatisfaction in bulimia nervosa. A theory of social comparison processes leon festinger.
If you like ice cream then this is another cognition. At the university of minnesota, festinger developed social comparison theory, his second major contribution to social psychology. Although the empirical literature in these areas is well developed,a general formal theory of attitude change, however,does not exist. Leon festinger 1954 different types of comparison we use objective criteria when available o how tall am i how much do i weigh how fast did i run. Sie wurde 1954 durch leon festingers arbeit a theory of social comparison. Social comparison theory and drive for self evaluation. A recent test of social information processing theory showed little effect of anonymous social cues. And thus, sociological theory attempts to explain how the social world operates.
It has been said by researchers that in the social cognitive theory, its perspective can ignore the internal and unconscious thought processes and emotions. In this paper we shall present a further development of a previously published theory concerning. Festingers 1957 cognitive dissonance theory suggests that we have an inner drive to hold all our attitudes and behavior in harmony and avoid disharmony or dissonance. Social comparison theory was used to examine if exercising with a. Leon festinger 8 may 1919 11 february 1989 was an american social psychologist, perhaps best known for cognitive dissonance and social comparison theory. Access to society journal content varies across our titles. Cognitive dissonance theory examples a cognition can be considered a belief. Theory and research concerning social comparisons of. He has the honor of establishing the experimentation techniques in social psychology to an advanced level. Pdf social comparison and influence in groups researchgate. A theory of social comparison processes center for human science. Some premises of festingers 1954 theory of social comparison were put to empirical test.
If you like to smoke then this can be considered a cognition. Limitations of the model future research limitations to the model. People make all kinds of judgments about themselves, and one of the key ways that we do this is through social comparison, or analyzing the self in relation to others. Previous research suggested that exposure to media content. Sociological theory theories invite controversy theories seek to explain things. Social comparison theory was first proposed in 1954 by psychologist leon festinger and suggested that people have an innate drive to evaluate themselves, often in comparison to others. According to the theory, this process is most likely to occur when. Integrating social comparison theory and selfesteem. This chapter is a reminder of social comparison theorys foundations in group. His first hypothesis states that there exist, in the human organism, a drive to evaluate his opinions and abilities. Social comparison theory why dont we use objective criteria. Leon festingers social comparison theory the psychology.
Explain how the social comparison findings, methodology, and theorizing have evolved since the publication of leon festingers theory in 1954. Integrating social comparison theory and selfesteem within objectification theory to predict womens disordered eating tracy l. A social comparison approach to organizational choice under what circumstances does social information affect choices. Since this theory model focuses greatly on only a portion of an individual and their personality, their own self as a. Social comparison theory festinger was the first to coin the term social comparison however, the general concepts can be traced back to aristotle and plato. Leon festinger was a 20th century psychologist who developed the theories of cognitive dissonance and social comparison. What links here related changes upload file special pages permanent link page information wikidata item cite this page. Article information, pdf download for a theory of social comparison processes, open.
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